Deshmukhe, Snehal M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3591-3851
Vyawahare, Chanda R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-3623
Suryawanshi, Poonam V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-5339
Ratnaparkhi, Manisha M. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9246-5097
Article History
Received: 14 March 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Subcommittee of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune (Approval No. IESC/162/2023 dated 11 November 2023). The study utilized bacterial isolates obtained during routine diagnostic procedures. No additional intervention or specimen collection was performed for research purposes, and all patient identifiers were removed prior to analysis. The Institutional Ethics Subcommittee approved the study and waived the requirement for written informed consent because this was a retrospective laboratory-based study using anonymized clinical data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study did not include any identifiable personal data, images, or information that could identify individual participants. The Institutional Ethics Subcommittee waived the requirement for informed consent due to the retrospective analysis of anonymized laboratory data.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.