Article History
Received: 2 April 2026
Accepted: 19 July 2026
First Online: 28 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Since the study used a publicly available secondary dataset, ethical approval was not necessary. The following link provides comprehensive details on the ethical issues surrounding DHS and the usage of its data: .
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.