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Authors
Turigye, Brian
Mulogo, Edgar M.
Thompson, Peyton
Camille, Morgan
Goel, Varun
Baguma, Emmanuel
Bhatti, Khadijah
Boyce, Ross M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (K08AI148607)
National Institutes of Health ((K23AI141764))
Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (2015213)
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 22 July 2026
First Online: 12 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval of the study was provided by the institutional review boards of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (19-1094), the Mbarara University of Science and Technology (06/03–19), and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS 2628). All procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from participants aged 18 years and above. For participants younger than 18 years, parental or guardian consent and participant assent were obtained before enrolment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
