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Authors
Bazié, Fiacre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-6266
Rossier, Clémentine
Onadja, Yentéma
Soura, Abdramane B.
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2026
Accepted: 29 July 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is a secondary analysis of de-identified PMA survey data. Both waves of PMA data collection received ethical approvals from the Comité d’Ethique Institutionnel pour la Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (CEIRES- N/Réf.A018-2019/CEIRES) (PHASE 1) and the Comité d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé (CERS- DELIBERATION N°2020-11-258) of Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene and Ministry of Research and Innovation of Burkina Faso]. Informed consent was obtained from all participants by PMA at each survey round (with parental/guardian consent and adolescent assent for minors), in accordance with the approved protocols.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
