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Article History

Received: 31 January 2026

Accepted: 30 July 2026

First Online: 16 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research presented in this manuscript adheres to the highest ethical standards. This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Sharjah Maritime Academy (SMA). The protocol was approved in accordance with the Key policies include academic integrity rules ( ). The work is original, and any ideas or quotations from other sources are properly cited. . Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participants received detailed information about the purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits of the study and had the opportunity to ask questions before consenting to participate.

Consent for publication: All authors have given their consent for the publication of this manuscript. In addition, participants have been informed that their data may be published and have consented to the use of their data for this purpose.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interest and confirm that the mathematical models, data, and results are accurate.