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Article History

Received: 19 May 2026

Accepted: 14 August 2026

First Online: 30 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee (IHRERC) of Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences. An official letter of cooperation was obtained from Haramaya University and submitted to Saint Peter Specialized Hospital before commencement of data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national research guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants aged 16 years or older before enrollment. For participants aged 15 years, written informed consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian, and assent was obtained from the participant. Participation was voluntary, and all participants were informed of their right to decline participation or withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences for their treatment or care. To protect participants’ privacy and confidentiality, all collected data were anonymized before analysis, and no personal identifiers were included in the dataset.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.