Shamie, Reda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6590-1342
Ebrahim, Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-2579
Gebreslassie, Measho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-7850
Woldemichael, Abraha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-9013
Meressa, Woldu Berhe
Ayele, Brhane https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4629
Woldearegay, Haftom Gebrehiwot https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-7853
Berhe, Gebretsadik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-1383
Teka, Ataklti Gessesse
Gebretnsae, Hailay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-8810
Ghebremedhin, Kiros Demoz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0383-7637
Woldegebriel, Ataklti Gebretsadik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-3199
Zgita, Degnesh Negash https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-4600
Hadgu, Tsegay https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6689-0178
Kahsay, Hayelom
Gebrekurstos, Gebrehaweria
Esayas, Rieye
Alemayehu, Mussie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-631X
Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: An ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (IRERC) of the Tigray Health Research Institute (THRI) with reference number of (Ref No.: 001/78/2025). A letter of support was obtained from Tigray Health Bureau (THB). Oral consent was obtained from each participant of the survey. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants and/or their legal guardian(s).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.