Funding for this research was provided by:
Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development
Article History
Received: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 4 September 2026
First Online: 11 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Health Research – Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee of Addis Ababa University (Ref. No. ALIHR-IRERC/182/2017/25). All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed about the purpose of the study and their right to refuse or withdraw at any time. Confidentiality was strictly maintained.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study does not include any individual personal data, images, or identifiable information.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.