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Authors
Sridawruang, Chaweewan
Sriyasak, Atcharawadee https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1393-1743
Sriring, Pennapa
Tienthavorn, Vichai
Thanakanjanaphakdee, Wuttikul
Klungklang, Ratdawan
Sarakshetrin, Atiya
Worawong, Chiraporn
Pitaksongkram, Penphan
Sripromsa, Wanida
Manasatchakun, Pornpun
Raksanam, Buppha
Rajataramya, Benjaporn
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Science, Research and Innovation Promotion Fund, Thailand (project no. 192590)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2026
Accepted: 14 September 2026
First Online: 28 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Khon Kaen, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand (approval no. IRBBCNKK-08-2024; approved 9 August 2024) and from the Research Ethics Committee of Hua Hin Hospital, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand (approval no. RECHHH025/2567; approved 7 November 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
Consent for publication: Not applicable (no individual participant data, images, or identifying information are reported).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
