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Article History

Received: 3 May 2019

Accepted: 3 June 2019

First Online: 2 July 2019

Ethics approval

: The use of the invertebrate species investigated in this study does not cause ethical issues. Therefore, approval from ethics committees is not required. The investigated species have been obtained from either established laboratory cultures (<i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and <i>Parasteatoda tepidariorum</i>), or have been collected from the wild; the latter (<i>Euperipatoides kanangrensis</i> and <i>Glomeris marginata</i>) do not represent endangered (as to our knowledge) or protected species. We possess permission for collection of onychophorans (Collection permit SL100159).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.