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Authors
Bose, Rohit
Dalrymple, Ashley N.
Sarma, Devapratim
Petersen, Bailey A.
Barra, Beatrice
Nanivadekar, Ameya C.
Madonna, Tyler J.
Liu, Monica F.
Levy, Isaiah
Helm, Eric R.
Miele, Vincent J.
Capogrosso, Marco
Fisher, Lee E.
Weber, Douglas J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (UH3NS100541, UH3NS100541, UH3NS100541, UH3NS100541, UH3NS100541)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F30HD0987984)
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2024
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pittsburgh and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Experiments with Participant 3 were performed under an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) from the United States Food and Drug Administration. Participants provided written informed consent prior to their enrollment in the study. This study was registered under clinical trials NCT03027947 and NCT04547582.
: The participants provided written informed consent for the data to be published.
: M.C. and D.J.W. are founders and shareholders of Reach Neuro, Inc.; D.J.W. is a consultant and shareholder of Neuronoff, Inc. and Panther Life Sciences, Inc.; D.J.W. is a shareholder and scientific board member for NeuroOne Medical, Inc.; D.J.W. is a co-founder and shareholder of Bionic Power Inc. B.B. is the inventor of several patents involving technologies for the electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. The other authors declare no conflicts of interests in relation to this work.
