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Authors
Mender, Matthew J.
Ward, Ayobami L.
Cubillos, Luis H.
Kelberman, Madison M.
Costello, Joseph T.
Temmar, Hisham
Wallace, Dylan M.
Lin, Edanjen T.
Lam, Jordan L. W.
Willsey, Matthew S.
Ganesh Kumar, Nishant
Kung, Theodore A.
Patil, Parag G.
Chestek, Cynthia A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation
National Institutes of Health
A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute
University of Michigan Robotics Institute
Dan and Betty Kahn Foundation
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 5 July 2026
First Online: 5 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal procedures were approved by the University of Michigan Animal Care and Use Committee under protocols PRO00011815 and PRO00010076.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
