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Authors
Qu, Sheng
Huang, Laigang
Shang, Jingjing
Qiao, Yanqi
Sun, Qiangsan
Zeng, Fanshuo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-2375
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 25 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study received ethical approval from the Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Approval No: KYLL-2024-456). All research protocols were implemented in strict adherence to the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was formally obtained from either the family members or the legal guardians of patients with DOC.
Consent for publication: All authors read and approved the final manuscript publication.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests
