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Authors
Zhao, Xin-yi
Gao, Chang
Zhao, Wen-wu
Zhou, Zi-han
Zhuang, Tian-chi
Guo, Cheng
Ji, Ming-hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
“Nursing Science” Funded by the 4th Priority Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Education Department (2023) No.11)
“Nursing Science” Funded by the 4th Priority Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Education Department (2023) No.11)
“Nursing Science” Funded by the 4th Priority Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Education Department (2023) No.11)
“Nursing Science” Funded by the 4th Priority Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Education Department (2023) No.11)
“Nursing Science” Funded by the 4th Priority Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Education Department (2023) No.11)
“Nursing Science” Funded by the 4th Priority Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Jiangsu Education Department (2023) No.11)
Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Public Health Research Project (Ym2023064)
Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Public Health Research Project (Ym2023064)
Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Public Health Research Project (Ym2023064)
Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Public Health Research Project (Ym2023064)
Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Public Health Research Project (Ym2023064)
Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Public Health Research Project (Ym2023064)
Nanjing Preventive Medicine Research Project (NJYFKT202409)
Nanjing Preventive Medicine Research Project (NJYFKT202409)
Nanjing Preventive Medicine Research Project (NJYFKT202409)
Nanjing Preventive Medicine Research Project (NJYFKT202409)
Nanjing Preventive Medicine Research Project (NJYFKT202409)
Nanjing Preventive Medicine Research Project (NJYFKT202409)
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Medical University (Approval No. 2023 − 160). All procedures performed were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
