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Authors
Liang, Haozheng
Tian, Linglin
Xue, Xiaowei
Ruan, Gechong
Bai, Xiaoyin
Han, Wei
Zheng, Weiyang
Yang, Hong
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (approval number: I-23PJ1345). Due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized clinical data, the IRB granted a waiver of informed consent in accordance with local regulations and the Helsinki Declaration (2013 Update).
: Not applicable (no identifiable patient data are included in this study).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
