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Authors
Yeh, Han-Wei
Chaou, Chung-Hsien
Yang, Shun-Fa
Wang, Yu-Hsun
Kuan, Yu-Hsiang
Yeh, Chao-Bin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (CSH-2025-D-005)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 14 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (IRB number: CS2-23180). Consent to participate was waived, as TriNetX had obtained a waiver of informed consent from the Western Institutional Review Board. All data and statistical summaries were presented in aggregated form, and no identifiable personal information was accessible.
: All data were anonymized, and no personally identifiable information was accessible or shared. Only aggregated results were reported; therefore, informed consent was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
