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Authors
Alowais, Shuroug A.
Aljuhani, Afnan
Alotaibi, Mohammed D.
Alyousef, Abdulrahman
Alanazi, Abdulaziz
Aziz, Mohamed
Alfehaid, Lama
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) (Ref. 00000133025). Given the retrospective design, informed consent was waived. All patient data were anonymized and handled in accordance with institutional and international research ethics and patient confidentiality standards.
: Not applicable. This study was conducted retrospectively using de-identified patient data, and no individual personal information, images, or identifiable details are included.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Artificial intelligence-assisted language editing tools were used to improve grammar and readability. All scientific content was reviewed and verified by the authors.
