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Authors
Wang, Jie
Zhang, Lu
Jiao, Shi-Yan
Yang, Zi-Kun
Wang, Yan
Pang, Meng-Zhen
Wang, Chun-Miao
Li, Xiao-Jun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhangjiakou Basic Research and Talent Cultivation Program (2511011A)
Cultivation Scientific Research Projects of Hebei North University (XJPY2024018)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2026
Accepted: 21 August 2026
First Online: 31 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University (Approval number: K2019147). All procedures involving animals has received ethical approval from the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Hebei North University (Approval No. HBNU20250322058). As the study involved only bacterial and phage samples and did not include human participants, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the committee. All experiments were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
