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Association between methylmalonic acid and composite dietary antioxidant index and diabetic retinopathy: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00953-w

Published Online: 2025-06-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Pan, Xue
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-06-03

Version of Record valid from 2025-06-03
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Article History

Received: 23 January 2025

Accepted: 23 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The requirement of ethical approval for this was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, because the data was accessed from the publicly available NHANES database. The need for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Shijitan Hospital due to retrospective nature of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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