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Authors
Shengnan, Zhang
Tao, Wang
Yanan, Zhang
Chao, Sun
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which is conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). NHANES has received ethical approval from the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (ERB). The study was approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board(Protocol #98 − 12). This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
