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Authors
Zheng, Jiayi
Chen, Xiaofeng
Peng, Ruihan
Li, Bo
Lin, Yiting
Cai, Xianbin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (NO.YCTJ-2023-7)
the Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (NO.YCTJ-2023-7)
the Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (NO.YCTJ-2023-7)
the Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (NO.YCTJ-2023-7)
the Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (NO.YCTJ-2023-7)
the Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (NO.YCTJ-2023-7)
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Article History
Received: 2 May 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
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: The NHANES protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board (ERB), and all participants provided informed consent. No additional ethics approval was required for this analysis of public de-identified data.
: Consent for publication was obtained during NHANES data collection. This study used anonymized public data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
