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Authors
liu, Jie
Li, Xun
Zhang, Wenhua
Miao, Tingting
Wang, Xiaoqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Social Science Planning Research Program of Shandong Province (21 DTYJ 03)
Social Science Planning Research Program of Shandong Province (21 DTYJ 03)
Social Science Planning Research Program of Shandong Province (21 DTYJ 03)
Social Science Planning Research Program of Shandong Province (21 DTYJ 03)
Social Science Planning Research Program of Shandong Province (21 DTYJ 03)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
