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Authors
Zhou, Lingyan
Cheng, Lufeng
Sun, Xuechun
Qu, Meijie
Zhang, Xingyu
Gao, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82501509)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301356)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2024QH384)
Health Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province (202403070986)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted ethically in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The National Center for Health Statistics’ Research Ethics Review Board reviewed and approved all data collection protocols. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the NHANES.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
