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Authors
Wu, Li
Fan, Gaojie
Zhang, Li
Bi, Jianing
Peng, Jing
Liu, Qing
Fang, Qing
Song, Lulu
Zheng, Lijuan
Liu, Guocheng
Wang, Youjie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003479)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073660)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1101500)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, and the study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital (Approval Number: 202201203). Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data, the requirement for informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
