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Authors
Dai, Yajie
Hu, Qinghe
Chen, Tao
Ge, Jiwen
Zhao, Chaoqun
Li, Xuan
Chen, Lingzhi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jining City key research and development plan project (2024YXNS007)
Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province (202419010198)
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the relevant ethics committee. The protocols of NHANES were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC ( ). NHANES has obtained written informed consent from all participants.
Consent for publication: Consent to publish was given by each NHANES research participant.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
