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Investigating the impact of the dispersion protocol on the physico-chemical identity and toxicity of nanomaterials: a review of the literature with focus on TiO2 particles

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-025-00627-8

Published Online: 2025-05-13

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

McCormack, Andrew

Stone, Vicki

McQuat, James

Johnston, Helinor
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Titanium Dioxide Manufacturers Association
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-05-13

Version of Record valid from 2025-05-13
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Article History

Received: 10 December 2024

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 13 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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