Zhang, Wenting
Ghouri, Muhammad Daniyal
Blosi, Magda
Liu, Ying
Chen, Chunying
Cassee, Flemming R.
Cai, Rong
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22388101)
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2021YFE0112600)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1200900)
Beijing Nova Program (20220484060)
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (952924)
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (952924)
Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures used in this experiment were compliant with the local ethics committee. This study was approved by the institute’s Ethical Committee at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as documented in PONY-2022-FL-12.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.