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Article History

Received: 15 May 2018

Accepted: 2 December 2019

First Online: 19 December 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. With reference to Morocco, there is no national ethical committee, but the parent associations of the participating schools, the Regional Directorate of the Ministry of National Education in Tetouan and the Faculty of Science, University Abdelmalek approved the study. Completion of the survey was considered as consent to participate.

: Formal consent for publication is not required for this type of study; participation was voluntary and anonymous. The survey’s cover page informed the participants about the questionnaire’s content and aim, and stressed that participation in the anonymous data collection was entirely voluntary.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.