Liu, Tao
Wang, Lili
Zhu, Zhijian
Wang, Bing
Lu, Zhigang
Pan, Yesheng
Sun, Lifang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai University of Medical & Health Sciences Research Fund Project (SSF-23-25-002)
the Shanghai Jinshan District Health Commission Project Fund (JSKJ-KTQN-2022-11, JSKJ-KTMS-2020-09)
the Shanghai Jinshan District Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (2022-WS-61)
Article History
Received: 23 November 2023
Accepted: 14 June 2024
First Online: 15 July 2024
Declarations
:
: The project was approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (Protocol #2005–06 and #2011–17) and was in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines (). Informed consent has been obtained from all participants for the NHANES data. Due to the free availability of the NHANES database, the present study does not require additional ethical review and approval.
: All patients have no competing interests.