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Article History

Received: 1 July 2024

Accepted: 4 February 2025

First Online: 3 March 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants gave written informed consent before participating in the study. The ethics committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University approved this study (No.2017064).

: MNP has consulted for Baria-Tek and Boerhinger Ingelheim; has been involved in a patent application with Yale University and Novartis; has received research support from the Mohegan Sun Casino and the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling; has participated in surveys, mailings or telephone consultations related to drug addiction, impulse-control disorders or other health topics; has consulted for and/or advised gambling, non-profit, healthcare and legal entities on issues related to impulse-control, internet use and/or addictive disorders; has performed grant reviews for research-funding agencies; has edited journals and journal sections; has given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events and other clinical or scientific venues; and has generated books or book chapters for publishers of mental health texts. Dr. Gelernter is named as an inventor on PCT patent application #15/878,640 entitled: “Genotype-guided dosing of opioid agonists,” filed January 24, 2018 and issued on January 26, 2021 as U.S. Patent No. 10,900,082. Dr. Gelernter is paid for editorial work for the journal “Complex Psychiatry.” The other authors report no disclosures.