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The global burden of depression attributable to childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and bullying victimization from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-025-00586-6

Published Online: 2025-08-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Liu, Zhuo

Mao, Guo
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-06

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-06
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Article History

Received: 1 February 2025

Accepted: 27 July 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human participants, clinical samples, or live animals and is based entirely on literature review and secondary data analysis. Accordingly, institutional review board approval and written informed consent were not required. All data were obtained from publicly accessible sources and analyzed in aggregate form, ensuring no individual person’s privacy or welfare was affected.Clinical trial number: not applicable.Clinical trial number: not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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