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Authors
Yeh, Tian-Shin
Huang, Yi-Chen
Ho, Shu-Chuan
Siow, Co-Yih
Lee, Hsin-Chien
Recio-Rodriguez, Jose I
Sung, Jia-Ying
Tani, Jowy
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Article History
Received: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 17 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (ERB) reviewed and approved NHANES, and all survey participants provided written informed consent. Therefore, no further ethical approval and informed consent was required to perform this secondary analyses. For additional information see the NHANES website for NCHS Research ERB Approval (). All NHANES data released by the NCHS are de-identified and the data remain anonymous during data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
