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Article History

Received: 12 August 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee, Hong Kong SAR, China (Reference number: 2020.707; Clinical trial number: not applicable). This study used anonymized secondary data from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS). No direct contact with individuals occurred, so informed consent was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.