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Authors
Ahmed, Muhannad Bushra Masaad
Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M.
Alrawa, Salma
Mustafa, Ludn Emad Ebrahim
Ali, Mahmoud Elsadig Mahmoud
Abdalla, Mohammed Osman Omer
Ahmed, Sohaib Mohammed Mokhtar
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 16 July 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from Gadarif University’s Medical Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No.: GU/FM/REC/Q3.10.24.4). The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring respect for participants’ rights and dignity. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose, with participants given the freedom to withdraw from the study at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
