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Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The ACC was approved by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) Ethics Committee (IEC No. 12–22, September 2012).

: Not applicable.

: Where authors are identified as personnel of IARC/WHO, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article, and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of IARC/WHO.

: Dr Kovalevskiy reported receiving, on behalf of their institutes and personally through consulting firms, payments from companies to evaluate exposure to asbestos and risk of asbestos-related disease in those workplaces. All other authors have no competing interests to declare. For full transparency, Dr Kovalevskiy reported participation as an occupational and environmental health expert as part of the delegation of the Russian Ministry of Health at multiple World Health Assembly meetings as well as at the Conference of the Parties to the Basel and Rotterdam Conventions. Dr Kovalevskiy reported attending meetings organized by the International Chrysotile Association and reported that all expenses for attendance were paid by their respective institutes.