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Authors
Chaiear, Naesinee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-6760
Ngamchokwathana, Chatpong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-1729
Krisorn, Phanumas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-9337
Soonthornvinit, Warisa https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5831-9375
Chantarasuk, Yingrit https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7364-781X
Chonlapan, Arunya https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1365-7439
Surapaitoon, Arpa https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6933-7265
Chanpho, Patimaporn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-5220
Reechaipichitkul, Wipa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-6773
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University (AS64201)
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee for Human Research (HE631552). All data were de-identified and anonymized per institutional policy. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki; informed consent was waived due to minimal risk and retrospective design.
: During the preparation of this manuscript, ChatGPT-4o, a large language model developed by OpenAI, was used to assist with language refinement and clarity. All scientific content, interpretations, and conclusions are solely the work of the authors, and no material generated by the AI was used to replace original thought or analysis. The use of this tool did not result in any plagiarism, and the integrity of the authorship remains fully intact.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
