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Article History

Received: 3 June 2025

Accepted: 27 October 2025

First Online: 2 January 2026

Declarations

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: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships, which may be considered as potential competing interests: STS, JH, PK, and AK are co-developers of GLA:D®. GLA:D® is a non-for-profit initiative hosted at University of Southern Denmark aimed at implementing evidence-based patient education and exercise therapy for osteoarthritis and back pain in clinical practice. AK is an Associate Editor of Chiropractic & Manual Therapies. She had no part in this manuscript’s editorial or peer-review process. MH has received support from non-industrial bodies (reimbursement of travel costs and speaker fees) for lectures on pain, and he receives book royalties from Gyldendal, Munksgaard Denmark, FADL and Muusmann publications for pain and pain education related materials. Other authors have no conflicts to declare.

: During the preparation of this work the authors used the ‘Thematic Analysis Generator’ on galaxy.ai as described in the methods Sect. " ". After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.