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Authors
Lin, Jielu
Li, Shaoling
Chen, Weijie
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Wei
Huang, Yan
Dong, Zhengwei
Wu, Chunyan
Hou, Likun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission
National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital(K24-085Y). The ethics committee waived the informed consent requirement because of the study’s retrospective nature. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any identifiable individual person’s data, images, or videos that require consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
