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Article History

Received: 14 July 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This research did not require formal ethics approval under institutional guidelines at the time of study. All fieldwork, including market surveys and interviews, was conducted exclusively by the Chinese authors, who are native speakers and familiar with the local cultural context. Prior informed verbal consent was obtained from all participants after clearly explaining the study’s aims, methods, and voluntary nature in the local language. No personal or sensitive information was collected, and participants were assured of their right to withdraw at any time. All research procedures followed the ethical principles outlined in the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) Code of Ethics. The Thai authors contributed to data analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation but did not participate in field data collection. The study fully respected the intellectual property and cultural knowledge of all individuals involved.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.