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Article History

Received: 27 October 2025

Accepted: 15 January 2026

First Online: 30 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Formal ethics approval was not required for this study according to institutional regulations at the time of data collection. All fieldwork, including market surveys and interviews, was conducted exclusively by the Thai authors, who are native speakers and well-acquainted with the local cultural context. Prior informed verbal consent was obtained from all participants after the study’s objectives, methodology, and voluntary participation were clearly explained in the local language. No personal or sensitive data were collected, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any stage. All research activities adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) Code of Ethics and complied with the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.