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Article History

Received: 30 October 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Research Ethics Committee (FNASREC) of the North-West University reviewed and approved (NWU-01317-24-A9) the research. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants involved in the study. “In accordance with the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the study participants from Ngaka Modiri Molema and Bojanala Platinum districts retain the authorship of traditional knowledge documented in this publication. As such, any use of the documented information, other than for scientific publications, requires prior consent of the traditional knowledge holders and their agreement on access to benefits resulting from any commercial use’’. The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors; DoA and NRF accepts no liability in this regard.

: Not applicable.

: AOA is a member of the Editorial Board for this journal. Other authors declare no conflict of interest.The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors; DoA and NRF accepts no liability in this regard.