Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 April 2026

Accepted: 30 June 2026

First Online: 20 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study did not require formal ethical approval under the institutional regulations applicable at the time of the research. All fieldwork, including ethnobotanical surveys, interviews, and plant collection, was conducted by the Chinese research team, who are native speakers and familiar with the local cultural context. Prior to participation, all informants provided informed verbal consent after the study objectives, methods, and voluntary nature of participation were clearly explained in the local language. No personal or sensitive information was recorded, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time. All research procedures followed the ethical principles outlined in the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) Code of Ethics. The Thai authors contributed to data analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation but were not involved in field data collection. Respect for local knowledge, cultural values, and intellectual property rights of the participants was maintained throughout the study.

Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all participants for the use of anonymized data in publications.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.