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Article History

Received: 3 December 2024

Accepted: 16 April 2025

First Online: 28 April 2025

Declarations

:

: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study adhering to the ethical principles outlined in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent revisions. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated School of Stomatology (Ethics Number: WYKQ 2024008). This study used pre-existing anonymized data, and therefore, no additional informed consent was required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.