Khodir, Mahmoud Akram https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-9751
Osman, Saeeda Mahmoud
Ragab, Hala Ragaa
AboulHassan, Mamdouh Ahmed
Oraby, Mona Samy
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Alexandria University Faculty of Dentistry (IRB No.001056 - IORG 0008839). The study protocol followed the Helsinki principles. All children’s guardians signed an informed consent after discussing all processes and potential risks and complications.
: Informed consent for publication was obtained from all children’s guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.