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Authors
Rashwan, Reham A. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4995-1594
AbdElkader, Sanaa H.
Elkersh, Noha M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-1311
AboElhassan, Rewaa G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-7291
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IRB No. 001056– IORG 0008839). All methods adhered to the ethical guidelines established by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. No human participants were involved in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
