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Article History

Received: 17 March 2025

Accepted: 18 August 2025

First Online: 2 October 2025

Declarations

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: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University. The institutional review board waived the requirement for informed consent owing to the retrospective nature of the study.

: All the authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Ensure that the research is original, has not been published in other journals, and there is no duplicate submission. Agree to grant the copyright of the manuscript to the journal, authorize it to publish and disseminate in any form such as print, electronic, etc.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial in terest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing ar rangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.