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Authors
Wu, Weiqiang
Wang, Yu
Lu, Wenhsuan
Yan, Jiale
Teng, Jade
Nie, Lanxi
Tang, Yao
Han, Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4584-1092
Chen, Si
Zhang, Yuning
Liang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-678X
Liu, Xiaomo
Zhang, Yunfan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Program for New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSSNCT-25B11)
Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program (BRWEP2024W194100100)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (L242037, L222001)
Clinical Research Foundation of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSS-2023CRF301)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82225012)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFC2510700)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710257)
Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (2022QNRC001)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSSIRB-202392145).
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants. For participants under the age of 18, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
