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Authors
Wu, Jie
Liu, Lina
Xu, Bo
Wang, Ru
Ma, Wensheng
Deng, Jiayin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (2020KJ182)
Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Public Health (TJWJ2022MS037)
Tianjin Stomatological Hospital (22XFZD1)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tianjin Medical University (IRB number: TMUhMEC20230409). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
