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Article History

Received: 11 May 2025

Accepted: 11 April 2026

First Online: 25 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This clinical trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR1800017122) on July 12, 2018. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. All research procedures involving human participants were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013) and in compliance with institutional and national regulations. Prior to enrollment, written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing a full explanation of the study objectives, procedures, and potential risks.

: All authors agree to publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.