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Authors
Zhou, Wenjuan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0865-7165
Zhou, Lingdan
Li, Dan
Li, Hua
Huang, Le https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7119-5522
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: This secondary analysis utilized de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) public database. Ethical approval for the original NHANES was granted by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board. All procedures adhered to relevant guidelines including the Declaration of Helsinki, with written informed consent obtained from all participants by the original NHANES investigators during primary data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
